Bill A1474 Aa w/GR (2R) Session 2022 - 2023
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Bill A1474 Aa w/GR (2R) Session 2022 - 2023
Here is a rundown of the four most important consumer credit protection laws and how to use them.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act is designed to help ensure that credit bureaus furnish correct and complete information to businesses to use when evaluating your application.
When creditors evaluate a credit
application, they cannot lawfully engage in discriminatory practices.
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibits credit discrimination on the basis of sex, race, marital status, religion, national origin, age, or receipt of public assistance. Creditors may ask for this information (except religion) in certain situations, but may not use it to discriminate when deciding whether to grant you credit.
The ECOA protects consumers who deal with companies that regularly extend credit, including banks, small loan and finance companies, retail and department stores, credit card companies, and credit unions. Everyone who participates in the decision to grant credit, including real estate brokers who arrange financing, must follow this law. Businesses applying for credit also are protected by this law.
It is important to check credit
billing and electronic fund transfer (EFT) account statements regularly. These
documents may contain mistakes that could damage your credit status or reflect
improper charges or transfers. If you find an error or discrepancy, notify the
company and contest the error immediately.
The Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA) and Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA) establish procedures for resolving mistakes on credit billing and electronic fund transfer account statements, including:
The FCBA generally applies only to "open end" credit accounts - credit cards, revolving charge accounts (such as department store accounts), and overdraft checking accounts. It does not apply to loans or credit sales that are paid according to a fixed schedule until the entire amount is paid back, such as an automobile loan.
The
EFTA applies to electronic fund transfers, such as those involving automatic
teller machines (ATMs), point-of-sale debit transactions, and other electronic
banking transactions.
You are responsible for your
debts. If you fall behind in paying your creditors or an error is made on your
account, you may be contacted by a "debt collector." A debt collector
is any person, other than the creditor, who regularly collects debts owed to others.
This includes lawyers who collect debts on a regular basis. You have the right
to be treated fairly by debt collectors.
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) applies to personal, family, and household debts. This includes money owed for the purchase of a car, for medical care, or for charge accounts. The FDCPA prohibits debt collectors from engaging in unfair, deceptive, or abusive practices while collecting these debts.